Evaluation of Criteria for Determining the Buildings Height in Hamedan's Detailed Plan with Energy Efficiency Aspect Based on the TOPSIS

Many cities in the world are involved with air pollution and environmental pollution. The consumption of fossil fuels in buildings has an enormous impact on the pollution. About 40% of the total energy is spent on heating, cooling and lighting of buildings. The use of solar energy is one of the ways that reduce the thermal load of buildings. One of the factors that affect this utilization is the ratio of the height of the building to its side street width or sky view factor (SVF). By increasing this ratio, the possibility of using solar energy decreases and this possibility increases by decreasing the ratio. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the criteria of the detailed plan of Hamadan regarding the method of determining the height of buildings in terms of their use of solar energy and determining the quality rating of the buildings with different latitudes of solar energy. Based on Hamedan's detailed plan, the fourteen main options, along with the subset modes, each of which totally comprise eighteen modes, were analyzed in four effective indicators of energy consumption in buildings based on Tapsis method for North and South buildings. these indicators include the average angle of view of the barriers to solar radiation outside the outer shell, the ratio of the total surface of the shell exposed to outdoor to the total building volume, the ratio of the surface of the ceiling to the total surface of the outer shell on the south face, and the ratio of the thermal bridges in the facade to the total surface is the outer shell of the building. The results show that, generally, southern buildings in narrow dtreet, and northern buildings in widespread street have a better use of solar energy than other ones. According to the results, among the northern buildings, the buildings located in side of the 75-meter streets have the best Productivity and the buildings located in side of the 10-meter streets with over 220 square meters area are the most inefficient. Among the southern buildings, the buildings located in side of the 4-meter streets have the best Productivity and buildings located in side of the 30-meter streets with less than 300 square meters are the most inefficient.